Coal and Petroleum
Coal and Petroleum
Coal : Coal is a mineral of dark brown or black colour formed from the remains of plants buried in the earth's crust millions years ago. It is very pure form of carbon. It mainly consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The coal deposits are spread over in the state of Jharkhand, Madhya Pardesh and West Bengal.
Destructive distillation of coal: The process of heating coal in the absence of air is called the destructive distillation of coal. Coal contains a number of elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. When coal is heated in the absence of air, a number of products are obtained. Peat has least carbon content and Anthracite has most carbon content.
The main products obtained by the destructive distillation of coal are as follows:
Coke: It is a hard, solid residue left behind destructive distillation of coal. It is pure form of carbon and used in steel manufacture, in power generations. Coal fields found near Bokaro and Jharia in Jharkhand.
Coal tar: Thick, black, opaque liquid obtained as by product of the process of destructive distillation of coal. manufacturing coke. Used in antidandruff shampoos, ointments, soaps, perfumes, and making naphthalene balls.
Coal gas: Gaseous fuel obtained as a by product of the process of manufacture coke. It is mainly composed of methane. Coal gas, gaseous mixture - mainly hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide - formed by the destructive distillation of coal and used as a fuel.
.Ammonical Liquor : The ammonia produced as a result of destructive distillation of coal is absorbed in water. The aqueous solution of ammonia, i.e. ammonium hydroxide solution is called ammonical liquor. It is used in the preparation of fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate and ammonium superphosphate.
Uses :
Petroleum : Petroleum is a naturally occuring oil that consists of hydrocarbons with some other elements, such as sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen. It is also called as rock oil.
Refining of petroleum : Petroleum is mixture of several hydrocarbons. It also contains water, salt and rocky materials. It cannot be used as crude.The process of seperating different components of petroleum is called refining of petroleum. This is done by the process of fractional distillation. The components obtained after fractional distillation are asphalt, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, fuel oil, diesel, kerosene, petrol and petroleum gas.
Pollution by Coal & Petroleum: When coal and petroleum are burnt, the products like carbon dioxide, water, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur are released into air. When combustion takes place in insufficient air (oxygen), carbon monoxide is formed instead of carbon dioxide. The oxides of sulphur, nitrogen and carbon monoxide are poisonous at high concentrations among these products - Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. The increase in amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will lead to intense global warming. Thus, we need to use these resources judiciously.
Conservation of Coat and Petroleum: General practices to reduce the consumption of coal petroleum are as follows: • Switch off the lights, fans, television and electrical appliances when not needed. • Use energy efficient appliances to save electricity. • Use stairs to climb at least up to three floors a building. • Public transport system needs to be improved, so that people can use them instead of using their personal vehicles. • On cold days, an extra sweater can be used instead of heating device like heater or sigri.
Five statements are given below. Identify the incorrect statements and mark the appropriate option.
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| Right Option : B | |||
| View Explanation | |||
In the fractional distillation of crude petroleum : | |||
| Right Option : B | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Which of following constituents of petroleum is used as a solvent for dry cleaning ? | |||
| Right Option : B | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Students / Parents Reviews [20]
One of the best institutes to develope a child interest in studies.Provides SST and English knowledge also unlike other institutes. Teachers are co operative and friendly online tests andPPT develope practical knowledge also.
Aman Kumar Shrivastava
10thWhen I have not joined Abhyas Academy, my skills of solving maths problems were not clear. But, after joining it, my skills have been developed and my concepts of science and SST are very well. I also came to know about other subjects such as vedic maths and reasoning.
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7thAbhyas Methodology is very good. It is based on according to student and each child manages accordingly to its properly. Methodology has improved the abilities of students to shine them in future.
Manish Kumar
10thMy experience with Abhyas Academy has been very good. When I was not in Abhyas whenever teacher ask questions I could not speak it confidently but when I came in Abhyas, my speaking skills developed and now I am the first one to give the answer of teachers question.
Upmanyu Sharma
7thThe experience was nice. I studied here for three years and saw a tremendous change in myself. I started liking subjects like English and SST which earlier I ran from. Extra knowledge gave me confidence to overcome competitive exams. One of the best institutes for secondary education.
Aman Kumar Shrivastava
10thWe started with lot of hope that Abhyas will help in better understnding of complex topics of highers classes. we are not disappointed with the progress our child has made after attending Abhyas. Though need to mention that we expected a lot more. On a scale of 1-10, we would give may be 7.
Manya
8thAbhyas institute is one of the best coaching institute in the vicinity of Ambala cantt.The institute provides good and quality education to the students.The teachers are well experienced and are very helpful in solving the problems. The major advantages of the institute is extra classes for weak...
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Hiya Gupta
8thIn terms of methodology I want to say that institute provides expert guidence and results oriented monitering supplements by requsite study material along with regular tests which help the students to improve their education skills.The techniques of providing education helps the students to asses...
Aman Kumar Shrivastava
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Ayan Ghosh
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Cheshta
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Eshan Arora
8thAbhyas institute is one of the best coaching institute in the vicinity of Ambala Cantt area. The teachers of the institute are well experienced and very helpful in solving the problems of the students.The good thing of the institute is that it is providing extra classes for the students who are w...
Aman Kumar Shrivastava
10thI have spent a wonderful time in Abhyas academy. It has made my reasoning more apt, English more stronger and Maths an interesting subject for me. It has given me a habbit of self studying
Yatharthi Sharma
10thAbout Abhyas metholodology the teachers are very nice and hardworking toward students.The Centre Head Mrs Anu Sethi is also a brilliant teacher.Abhyas has taught me how to overcome problems and has always taken my doubts and suppoeted me.
